WHY wordpress doesn't do this by default is beyond me - you create a custom style.css, then the visual editor completely ignores it
getting it to use your custom style seems straight forward, but i haven't gotten it to work - the following does not load the stylesheet for the editor...
/* make the editor use a custom stylesheet */
function my_theme_add_editor_styles() {
add_editor_style( '../twentythirteen-child/style.css' );
}
add_action( 'init', 'my_theme_add_editor_styles' );